English Language 1
Phonetics
We must have a systematic way of looking at words
Phonetics is the systematic study of pronunciation, one can't always rely on spelling to do that
'Scientific' is objective and systematic
Regional accent is pronunciation
Accent- the pronunciation of a language
RP- Received Pronunciation, socially recieved
An aristocratic pronunciation
Sir John Gielgud
Cardinal Hume
Lord Elgin
Duke of Edinburgh
Some of us
Most RP comes from the English south east
Standard British English- less scientific
Standard Southern British English- more scientific, with the introduction of something regional
RP however tells nothing of region but much about class or a speakers perception of class
Organs of Speech
All speech organs have other primary functions
BAD MAN
No movement soft palette comes down and closes nasal cavity
- (s) (m) - all air comes through the nasal cavity
Making Consonant Sounds
All consonant sounds have an obstruction of airflow
- (a) (s) (t)
All but the (a) have an obstruction to airflow
The Word Articulator
p- lips
s- alveola ridge
t- alveola ridge
Phonetic Symbols
[sat] <sat>
[sis] <cease>
[sit] <seat>
Place of articulation - where?
Manner of articulation- how?
State of the glottis
Glottal stops are to do with the vocal folds which if brought together will vibrate
[z] and [s]
Z vibrates where as S does not even though their articulation is similar
If vibrating then a sound is 'voiced' if not then it is 'voice less'
Working Out Consonant Sounds
[p] vs [k]
[t] vs [s]
[b] vs [m]
All articulated differently
Pages 1-11 in book
Key for moodle, voices1
History Of Art 2
E W Godwin
'The design of the white house was a watershed a break with victorian high ideals'
'a building is to me as is a picture to a painter
Godwins designs were all art work to him
Proto Modern
Light, and simplistic, a sense of transparency.
An opening up of buildings to the world
Similarities with Godwins white house and Le Corbusier
White, abstract and formy
Likewise with Godwins furniture design
Practicality, hygiene, reproducable standardised forms, fore looking to modernist designs of the 20th century
Economy, utility and hygiene
Godwin resisted 'swollen globular monstrocities' with cheap reproduvcable utility
See- The Godwin Sideboard, penguin
Resonance with 1980s design
Reproducability is linked with modernity
'there are quite a few museums and collectors who are after this , its not the workmanship opr the craftsmanship they're after, its the art'
A milestone in the history of design
A Proto Post Modernist too
Colour
Intricacy
He played an important role in dress reform valuing the feminine
Interested in the presentation and contextualisation of work
Staging experience
Designed around modern experience
Coffe table and townhall
Argued for aesthetics
Output versus individual works came up
Writing obituaries he felt a need to do some justice towards the whole output of an artist rather than just his finished and grand works
Whole experience was relevant to output
Theatre brought together many arts
'at once the most evanescent and most comprehensive of any possible union of the arts'
'artistic consciousness should burn like a gemlike flame'
Judicious Electicism
Godwin innovated in a full gamut of styles
He redifined the image of an architect
A Respectable Young Goth
Lots of ecclesiastical work in the west country
Influenced by archaeology
The archaeologist is
'more a frequenter of museums than a patron of pigeon holes. His method or mental attitude is of special significance. 1885
Becoming more interested in theatre
Dressing up and being frowned upon
'the world will not let an architect become an artist'
He made and strived for the past to be live and current
Gothicism, arcaeology etc
Performance served as a way to internalise the things of the past
Obsessed with greek art
Small town bristol made him leave for london where he would 'engage with the modern metropolis'
Read some of his criticism
He feared becoming 'groovy' set in his ways as a goth, or within gothicism a 'groovy goth'
Mrs Client- 'had a bit of art training but saw interior design as a drawing room habit'
One of the first collectors of japanese goods- straw mats and strange tertiary colours
The excavation of ninevah and the discovery of troy were popular things at the time in london
He studied japan and oriental art
Japanese 'mons'
Dialectical interplay between international and local
Observer of modernistic life a journalist
Aspirational citizen of the universe
Flaneur
Design for flux of modern life chased by baliffs
'dress is the art and science of living'
Designed art installation
Drawing was the key 'sketch is the artistic creation... All the rest (production)....is mathematical skill
See- the Miles House, Chelsea 1877
Design for a door handle on same page as the blue print and that's possible 'thanks to drawing'
Drawing was a form of analysis
Drawing is reproducability
Technically a manufacturer can plagiarise
Godwin hated plagiarism
Hated the juxtaposition of his work, faked, with other things he hated in ads
A victim of his own success in that sense
His work became parodied
punch
His designs became iconic for themselves and their ideals and design purposes.
For helena of troes he designed the whole stage
A strong visual connection between George Walton coat-stand 1897
and Godwin table c1876-85
English language 1
Grammar
Meaning
Form
Function
Subject-verb=agreement
Object-verb=no agreement
Difficult to classify meaning of 'the'
No adjectival plural forms in English unlike French
Regular verbs have two parts run
ran
Irregular verbs have three swim
swam
swum
Spoken irregular English verbs are moving towards having 2 parts only
Form
To be is so different 'cos of the merging of some Old English verbs
Function
Modifier and Headwords
Playing with concordances
Highly
Highly + an adjective intensifies the adjective.
It is a word usually ending in (ly)
Has an effect on function
An intensifying meaning
Criteria to determine grammatical constitution
Meaning
Form
Function
Comparative Literature 2
The Master and Margerita
Mikhail Bulgakov
Artist in circumstances of hostility
Artist in society
Novel within a novel- pontius pilot novel by the master
Satan is presented at all three levels of the novel, and holds the three levels together
His presentation is romantic, lovely, charismatic, the grandeur of Milton's Satan.
A clash between good and evil
Men and women make wrong choices
One of the themes is of the need for darkness as an intensifier of light
Faustian themes
Gretchen-modelled on Bulgakov's third wife
Bergenot- the cat named after a hippopotamus which in Leviticus is cast out by God
Book is centered around the events of the Passion of Christ and is 'made strange', 'making strange' by Bulgakov
The chapter 'Punishment' is suggestive of inner as well as physical torment and suffering
History for him is a story moving forward, for the soviets it is a recorded past
Poshlost- the Russian idea of supremacy and of over control and a general pride and dominance
See Golgov and Checkov
Cowardice a theme- one of the worst human vices Pontius Pilot is the best exampleof cowardice in th e novel, referencing the way many acted in Bulgakov's Russia.
Cowardice of the master himself
Epigraph at front of the novel is central to text
Ultimately the light will conquer and the darkness will be vanquished
To many Russians the text was almost a religious one for them
Comments:
Modes of vision
Nuances of reality
We could loose our vision
Brings together the idea of wholeness of human being
Voland's role is like the punitive Old Testament God, the coming of Christ changes that vision
Berlioz
Ivan the Homeless, like Christ.
Situational Parallel
See Berlioz's Damnation of Faust,
And the Youth Of Christ
He wasn't a Christian
Inauthentic
Relates too to soviet art
Berlioz is punished for his lack of authenticity in writing
Master broken artist hero Jeshua himself
Innocent man seeking for truth
A theme Bulgakov was obsessed with
See Julie Curtiss
The theme of the city
Jerusalem and Moscow
Both rejected Christ 1917 Bolshevik revolution and crucifixion
Both had hellish leaders
Crossings and borders
Hellish -where people have no progression
Sun and moon
Dark and light
Colour and smell
Pilot hates roses and therefore has rejected love
